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Forecast Verification
Published February 23, 2011

Temperature Verification

 (March 2011–August 2011)
Data Source(s): Forecast Evaluation Tool

For a thorough description of the interpretation of these maps, see the feature article, “Evaluating forecasts with the RPSS,” in the April 2009 issue of the Southwest Climate Outlook.

Comparisons of observed temperatures for March–May to forecasts issued in February for the same period suggest that forecasts have been more accurate than a forecast of equal chances (i.e., a 33 percent chance that temperatures will be above, below, or near average) in all of Arizona and New Mexico (Figure 14a). Forecast skill—a measure of the accuracy of the forecast—is substantially higher than equal chances in most of both states. For the April–June period, forecasts have been better than equal chances in all of Arizona and New Mexico, except for northern New Mexico (Figure 14b). For the three- and four-month lead times, forecasts issued in February generally have been substantially more accurate in Arizona (Figures 14c–d). While bluish hues suggest that NOAA–Climate Prediction Center (CPC) historical forecasts have been more accurate than equal chances, caution is advised to users of the seasonal forecasts for regions with reddish colors.

Temperature Verification
Notes:

These maps evaluate the historical performance of the one- to four-month long-lead forecasts made by NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center (CPC). The maps convey the historical accuracy of the CPC forecasts in relation to the reference forecast, which assigns a 33 percent chance to the three CPC categories, “above,” “below,” and “neutral.”  These categories indicate whether conditions are predicted to be similar to the warmest, coolest, or normal temperatures for 1971 to 2000. The maps are generated from the Forecast Evaluation Tool, which was developed by The University of Arizona in partnership with NOAA, NASA, NSF, and the University of California-Irvine.

The maps display the Ranked Probability Skill Score (RPSS). The more the forecasts and actual weather match, the bluer the color. A bluish or reddish RPSS indicates the forecast is more accurate or less accurate, respectively, than assigning a 33 percent chance to each of the three CPC categories.

The RPSS is calculated by comparing all the forecasts made since December 1994 for particular seasons and specified lead times to the actual weather of the season.

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